Ukuze ufumane i-alloy alloy castings, ulwelo olufanelekileyo lwe-copper alloy kufuneka lufumaneke kuqala.Ukunyibilikiswa kwengxubevange yobhedu sesinye sezitshixo zokufumana ukutyhilwa kwegolide ekumgangatho ophezulu wobhedu.Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zeziphene eziqhelekileyo zokuchithwa kwe-alloy ye-alloy castings, njengempahla engafanelekanga yomatshini, i-porosity, ukufakwa kwe-oxidation slag, ukuhlukana, njl., kukulawulwa kwenkqubo engafanelekanga yokunyibilikisa.Iimfuno zomgangatho wolwelo lwe-alloy yobhedu ziquka le miba ilandelayo.
(1) Lawula ngokungqongqo ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ze-alloy.Ukwakheka kuchaphazela ngqo ulwakhiwo kunye neepropati ingxubevange, kwidosi ukuqonda ukubunjwa amabanga ahlukeneyo yobhedu ingxubevange ukuguquguquka uluhlu kunye nomlilo ilahleko izinto, lula ukutshisa iziqalelo ngokufanelekileyo ukuphucula umlinganiselo wabo proportioning.
(2) Ulwelo lwengxubevange yobhedu olusulungekileyo.Ukuthintela i-alloy ekuphefumleleni kunye ne-oxidizing ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilika, umrhumo kunye nezixhobo kufuneka zitshiswe kwaye zomiswe, kwaye i-crucible kufuneka ifudunyezwe kubomvu obumnyama (ngaphezu kwe-600C) ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ukuphepha ukuzisa amanzi kunye nokubangela umnqweno.I-ejenti yokugubungela kufuneka yongezwe kulwelo oluthile lwe-alloy yobhedu ukukhusela okanye ukunciphisa ilahleko evuthayo ye-oxidative yezinto kunye nokuphepha ukufakwa kwe-oxidation slag kwi-castings.
(3) Lawula ngokungqongqo ubushushu bokunyibilika nokugalela.Ukushisa okuphezulu okuncibilika kulula ukwenza ukuba i-alloy inhale, kwaye ukufakwa kwe-oxidation slag kuya kwanda, ngakumbi kwi-aluminium bronze.Xa ubushushu bokuphosa buphezulu kakhulu, iipores ziya kubangelwa, ngakumbi kwi-tin-phosphorus bronze.
(4) Thintela ulwahlulo lwamacandelo e-alloying.Ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu woxinaniso kunye nenqanaba lokunyibilika kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, iimpawu zecrystallization ze-alloy zikwahluke, okulula ukubangela ulwahlulo oluthile lomxhuzulane kunye nolwahlulo olubuyisela umva, njengokwahlulwa kobunzima obuthile bobhedu belothe kubonakala ngokucacileyo. kunye nokwahlulwa okutshintshileyo kwe-tin phosphorus bronze kuyabonakala.Ngoko ke, amanyathelo obuchwepheshe kufuneka athathwe ukukhusela ulwahlulo.Ukuze ufumane ulwelo lwe-alloy yobhedu olufanelekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuyiqonda kakuhle yonke imiba yenkqubo yokunyibilika, njengokulungiswa kwentlawulo, ukulawulwa kwentlawulo, ukuthintela ukufunxwa kwegesi, ukusebenzisa i-flux esebenzayo, i-deoxidation, ukucocwa, ukulawula ngokungqongqo ubushushu obunyibilikayo kunye nokugalela. ubushushu, ukulungelelanisa ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali.I-alloy ye-Copper iya kuhamba kunye ne-oxidation enzulu kunye neziganeko ezikhuthazayo ngexesha lokunyibilika, ngakumbi xa kushushu.I-copper alloy oxides (efana ne-Cu₂O) inokunyibilika kulwelo lobhedu, ukwenzela ukunciphisa i-CuO kulwelo lobhedu, ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-agent ye-deoxygenation ukususa i-oksijini.Umthamo wokufunxa ulwelo lwe-alloy yobhedu lunamandla kakhulu, umphunga wamanzi kunye neoksijini zezona zizathu ze-porosity yealloy yobhedu, kwaye inkqubo yokususa igesi ngexesha lokunyibilikisa ibizwa ngokuba yi-"degassing".Inkqubo yokususa i-insoluble oxide inclusions kwi-alloys yobhedu ibizwa ngokuba "ukucoca".Xa i-alloy yobhedu iyancibilika, ngokukodwa kwimeko yokushisa, ukufunxa kunzulu kakhulu, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngokuthe ngqo ukushisa okunyibilikayo kunye nokuphumeza umgaqo "wokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza".Ii-alloys zobhedu ezahlukeneyo ziqulethe zombini indawo ephezulu yokunyibilika kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali zezinto ezidibeneyo (ezifana ne-Fe, Mn, Ni, njl.), kodwa ziqulethe indawo ephantsi yokunyibilika kunye neepropati zemichiza yezinto ezisebenzayo (ezifana ne-Al, Zn, njl.) , Ubuninzi bezinto ezahlukeneyo kwakhona bukhulu, inkqubo yokunyibilika kwealloyi yobhedu inzima ngakumbi, zonke iintlobo zomehluko wenkqubo yokunyibilikisa ingxubevange yobhedu nayo inkulu, ngoko ukunyibilikiswa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kumyalelo wokutyisa, izinto ezikrwada kunye nezixhobo zokutshaja kwakhona kufuneka zibe ngqongqo. zihlelwe kwaye zilawulwe, ngokukodwa izinto zokutshaja kufuneka zithintelwe ngokungqongqo kwimichiza engafanelekanga ngenxa yokuxuba.
Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuncibilika kwe-alloy yobhedu kukuba: ukulungiswa kwentlawulo ngaphambi kokunyibilika, ukutshisa i-crucible, ukutya okuncibilika, ukuchithwa kwe-deoxidation, ukucocwa, ukuchithwa, ukulungelelaniswa kokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nobushushu, ukukrazula i-slag, ukugalela.Le nkqubo ingasentla ayifani ncam kwingxubevange yobhedu nganye, efana ne-tin bronze icocwa ngokubanzi ngaphandle kwe-flux, kwaye ubhedu ngokuqhelekileyo alwenziwa i-deoxidized.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-10-2023